Références
Labour Code [LC], Act No. 262/2006, as amended by Act No. 365/2011 Coll. which took effect on 1 April 2012
Date:
21 Aug 1970;
(voir dans NATLEX
»)
Employment Act [EA], Act No. 435/2004, as last amended by Act No 367/2011 on 6 November 2011<br/>The link provided for Employment Act [EA], Act No. 435/2004, includes amendments up to Act No 213/2007
Date:
21 Aug 1970;
(voir dans NATLEX
»)
Act No.198/2009 Coll. of 23 April 2008 on equal treatment and on the legal means of protection against discrimination and on amendment to some laws (the Anti-Discrimination Act).
Date:
21 Aug 1970;
(voir dans NATLEX
»)
Collective Bargaining Act (Act No. 2/1991), as amended.
Date:
21 Aug 1970;
(voir dans NATLEX
»)
Champ d'application
Taille des entreprises exclues (≤): 20
Exclusion only applicable to collective dismissals: see definition of collective dismissal in Sec. 62 (1) LC.
However, the rules on individual dismissals apply to all enterprises.
Catégories de travailleurs exclues: fonctionnaires, police, armée, magistrature, gens de mer
Sec. 5 LC provides that "(1) The Labour Code shall apply to relations arising from the performance of a public office where it is expressly provided by this Code or other statutory provisions."
Although the Labour Code does not enumerate these relations, it is possible to distinguish the following categories of relations that are regulated by separate legal acts (LC has a subsidiary application):
– industrial relations concerning articled judges, public prosecutors, articled attorneys;
– industrial relations of officials of territorial self-governing units, academic employees at universities, pedagogic employees, directors of public research institutions, boat captains of navy crews and members of navy crews, employees in the probation and mediation service, attorneys exerting advocacy in an employment relationship, judges’ assistants, assistants of prosecutors, the ombudsman and the deputy ombudsman, financial arbitrator, deputy of financial arbitrator, notarial candidates, executor candidates, executor clerks and articled attorneys.
Source: Jan Pichrt, Martin Štefko, The International Encyclopaedia for Labour Law and Industrial Relations, Part I. Individual Employment Relationship' (2018)
CDD reglementés: Oui
Motifs autorisés de recours au CDD: aucune limitation
: 2
Before the amendments which took effect in 2012, Sec. 39 LC did not refer to any maximum number of successive FTC, but only to a maximum cumulative duration of 24 month.
In 2012, a new rule came into force stating that fixed term contracts can be agreed only twice (sec. 39.2 LC).
Also, maximum cumulative duration has been extended from 24 months to 36 months (sec. 39.2 LC).
Durée cumulée maximum de CDD successifs: 36mois
Before the amendments which entered into force in 2012, sec. 39 (2) provided for maximum duration of 24 months. In addition, 6 months were necessary between 2 fixed-term contracts. Also, the 24 months limitation did not
apply in cases listed in sec. 39 (3), i.e.: when the FTC is concluded for the purpose of temporary replacement of an absent employee, when there are serious operational reasons on the part of the employer or reasons relating to the special nature of work to be performed provided that the reasons are specified in a written agreement between the employer and the trade union organization.
With the new amendments, maximum cumulative duration has been extended up to 36 months (sec. 39.2 LC). Also, part of the section which called for 6 months time period necessary between 2 fixed term contracts has been deleted as well as the cases previously listed under sec. 39.3 LC.
% de travailleurs sous CDD: 9.3
Source: Eurostat, as of third trimester 2012.
The figure refers to the percentage of employee with a contract of limited duration (= temporary job) of total number of employee aged 15-74 years.
Eurostat data are based on the following definition:
"A job may be considered temporary if employer and employee agree that its end is determined by objective conditions such as a specific date, the completion of a task or the return of another employee who has been temporarily replaced (usually stated in a work contract of limited duration). Typical cases are: (a) persons with seasonal employment; (b) persons engaged by an agency or employment exchange and hired to a third party to perform a specific task (unless there is a written work contract of unlimited duration); (c) persons with specific training contracts."
Durée maximale de la période d'essai (en mois): 6 mois
Previously to the amendments which took effect in 2012 Sec. 35 LC provided for a trial period of 3 months. With the new rules trial period may not be longer than 3 consecutive months from the date when the employment relationship commences(sec 35.a), however the trial period has been extended for up to 6 months from the date of commencement of the employment relationship where it concerns a managerial employee (35.b).
Obligation d'informer le travailleur des raisons du licenciement: Oui
Motifs autorisés (licenciement justifié):
Motifs prohibés: état matrimonial, grossesse, congé de matérnité, responsabilités familiales, avoir déposé une plainte contre l'employeur, maladie ou accident professionel temporaire, race, couleur, sexe, orientation sexuelle, religion, opinion politique, origine sociale, nationalité/origine nationale, âge, affiliation et activités syndicales, handicap, accomplissement du service militaire ou civil, langue, propriété, naissance, état de santé, origine ethnique
Sec. 16(2) LC sets out general prohibition of any form of discrimination in labour relations. The terms, such as direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, harassment, sexual harassment, persecution, an instruction to discriminate and/or incitement to discrimination, and the instances in which different treatment is permissible, are regulated in the Anti-Discrimination Act (2008).
Equality and non-discrimination in exercising the right to employment is also guaranteed under the Act on Employment (2004, as amended 2011). Sec. 4 provides for equal treatment of all natural persons exercising their right to employment, and prohibits any form of discrimination of persons exercising their right to employment.
The Anti Discrimination Act defines direct discrimination as an “act, including omission, where one person is treated less favourably than another is, has been or would be treated in a comparable situation, on grounds of race, ethnic origin, nationality, sex, sexual orientation, age, disability, religion, belief or opinions. (Sec. 2 para 3).
Discrimination on grounds of pregnancy, maternity and paternity and on grounds of sexual identification shall also be considered to be discrimination on grounds of sex. (Sec. 2 para 4)
Harassment, sexual harassment, victimization, instruction to discriminate and inciting discrimination shall also be considered to be discrimination. (Sec. 2 para 2)
Travailleurs bénéficiant d'une protection particulière: représentants des travailleurs, femmes enceintes ou en congé de maternité, travailleurs avec des responsabilités familiales, travailleurs effectuant leur service militaire/service alternatif, travailleurs exerçant un mandat électif ou une fonction politique
Sec. 53 (1) LC establishes a prohibition of notice during a "protection period". That applies to:
* pregnancy
* maternity and parental leave
* recognized temporary inability to work due to illness or injury
* military obligations
* unpaid leave to exercise of a public office
* night workers temporary unfit
Note that except for pregnant women and employee on maternity or parental leave, the protection is not absolute (sec. 54 LC)
Sec. 61 (2) LC: Special protection for trade union's representatives: mandatory consent of the trade union prior to dismissal.
Forme de la notification du licenciement au travailleur: écrite
Sec. 50(1) LC
Délai de préavis:
According to the Sec. 51 LC "The notice shall be at least 2 months".However with the amendments which came into force in 2012 one exception to the above mentioned rule has been added. Section 51.a LC now states: "Where notice has been given by an employee in connection with transfer of rights and obligations arising from the labour relations, it shall apply that his employment relationship will latest come to an end either on the day preceding the date when the transfer of the said rights and obligations takes effect or at the date when the transfer becomes effective."
No reference to the length of service.
Indemnité compensatrice de préavis: Non
Notification à l'administration publique: Non
Notification aux représentants des travailleurs: Oui
Sec. 61 (1) LC. Notification is mandatory in both cases of ordinary dismissal and immediate termination (serious misconduct).
Autorisation de l'administration publique ou d'un organe judiciaire: Non
Accord des représentants des travailleurs: Non
However, according to sec. 61 (2), (3), (4) LC approval by the trade union is requested when the dismissal or the immediate termination concerns a trade union member. In the absence of consent, such dismissal is void unless ruled otherwise by the Court.
Définition du licenciement collectif (nombre d'employés concernés) Over a period of 30 days, at least:<br/>1) 10 employees out of a total of 20 to 100 employees <br/>2) 10% of employees out of a total of 101 to 300 employees <br/>3) 30 employees out of a total of more than 300 employees
Sec. 62(1) LC.
Notification à l'administration publique Yes
30 days in advance: sec. 62 (2) LC.
Notification aux syndicats (représentants des travailleurs) Yes
30 days in advance: sec. 62 (4) LC.
Notification aux représentants des travailleurs: Yes
Sec. 62 (2), (5) LC.
Accord des syndicats (représentants des travailleurs) No
Accord des représentants des travailleurs No
Règles de priorité pour l'ordre des des licenciements collectifs (situation sociale, âge, ancienneté) No
No criteria listed in the legislation.
However sec. 62 (2) e) and 62 (4) state that the selection criteria should be one of the elements to be communicated to the labour office and to the trade union within the framework of the process of consultation.
Obligation de l'employeur d'examiner des solutions alternatives au licenciement (transferts, formation...) No
Règles de priorité de réembauche Yes
Sec 62 (3) LC refers to the purpose of consultation being "to reach an agreement, in particular with regards to measures aiming at prevention or reduction of collective dismissals, the mitigation of their adverse implications for employees, especially the possibility of their placement in suitable jobs at the other employer's places of work".
However, the formal adoption of a social plan is not a requirement.
:
No statutory severance pay.
: 0 mois
: 0 mois
: 0 mois
: 0 mois
: 0 mois
: 0 mois
: 0 mois
: 0 mois
:
Before the amendment which came into force in 2012, Sec. 67 LC referred to "an amount of at least three times the average earnings" for economic dismissal. New amendments effective as of 2012 state that upon terminating employment that lasted less than one year, employees will be entitled to severance equal to a minimum of their average monthly earnings. If employment lasts at least one year but less than two, employees will be entitled to severance equal to a minimum of double their average earnings. employment lasts at least two years, employees will be entitled to severance corresponding to a minimum of triple their average earnings.
: 1 mois
: 1 mois
: 2 mois
: 3 mois
: 3 mois
: 3 mois
: 3 mois
: 3 mois
travailleurs miniers: Oui
Sec. 69 (1) LC
directeurs /cadres dirigeants: Oui
Sec. 69 (1) LC.
As a consequence of a court's decision of the invalidity of termination of the employment relationship by the employer, continuation of that relationship is the rule, unless the employee has no interest in further continuation.
police: Non
Sec. 72 LC refers to the competent Court. No labour courts in the Czech Republic
Règlement des litiges individuels par arbitrage: Non