Références
Labour Code (Codigo de trabajo) (Law No 49/1984)
Date:
18 Aug 1970;
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Champ d'application
Taille des entreprises exclues (≤): aucune
Catégories de travailleurs exclues: aucune
Article 7 of Labour Code provides that for the purposes of this Code, labour entities are:
a) the organisms of the Central State Administration, the state organs or, where appropriate, their administrative dependencies, as well as the other budgeted units;
b) state companies and state company unions;
c) companies and units dependent on political, social and mass organizations;
ch) agricultural production cooperatives and their organizations with respect to non-member workers;
d) private sector companies and owners with respect to salaried workers;
e) any other with legal capacity to establish labor relations.
CDD reglementés: Oui
Article 31 of Labour Code provides that the fixed-term employment contract is arranged to carry out eventual or emerging tasks, however, when the established requirements are met, fixed-term employment contracts may be concluded to carry out permanent tasks; to replace absent workers during the fulfillment of internationalist missions; military mobilizations; maternity, illness or accident leave; deprivation of preventive liberty or for periods of less than six months; for accompanying the spouse to official missions; for legitimately authorized licenses or other causes that are exceptionally legally authorized.
The fixed-term employment contract must express the date of its termination, which cannot exceed three years, except in exceptional cases that the State Committee on Labor and Social Security determines.
Motifs autorisés de recours au CDD: raisons matérielles et objectives
See article 31 of Labour Code.
Nombre maximum de CDD successifs: aucune limitation
There is no indication of limitation in the law.
Durée cumulée maximum de CDD successifs: 3année(s)
See article 31 of Labour Code.
Durée maximale de la période d'essai (en mois): 180 jour(s)
Article 34 Labour Code: The employer may require the worker a trial period whose duration does not exceed thirty days. This trial period can be extended for an additional thirty days in the case of occupations for which it is required to have a medium or higher level. In cases exceptionally authorized by the State Committee for Labour and Social Security, the trial period can be up to one hundred and eighty days. For seafarers, the trial period can be extended to the length of the first campaign or voyage.
Excluded from protection against dismissal: Non
Article 36 of Labour Code provides that during the trial period, either party may terminate the employment relationship. If the trial period expires, the parties do not express their will to the contrary, the employment contract is formalized with the agreed stipulations, in accordance with the provisions of the law.
Obligation d'informer le travailleur des raisons du licenciement: Non
Motifs autorisés (licenciement justifié):
Motifs prohibés: grossesse, congé de matérnité, maladie ou accident professionel temporaire, affiliation et activités syndicales, remplir des obligations civiques
According to article 56, the employer, in cases of contracts for an indefinite period, cannot dismiss the workers in the following cases:
i) during the worker's enjoyment of periods of maternity leave, paid or not;
ii) during the period of temporary disability of the worker, due to illness or accident of common origin or work;
iii) during the fulfillment of internationalist missions or military or other mobilizations of economic or social interest;
iv) during the enjoyment of annual paid vacations;
v) other situations expressly authorized by law. The workers included in the preceding paragraphs, in the event of closing of the enterprise without any other subrogation in its place, receive the protection and guarantee established by law.
Also article 281 also provides that the worker is also entitled, by reason of maternity, to the grant of paid leave up to six weeks before delivery and twelve weeks after the same. The worker is also entitled to other complementary paid leave to facilitate medical care for your child. In case of multiple pregnancy, the paid leave prior to childbirth is extended to eight weeks.
Concerning trade union activities, article 19 of Labour Code provides that the leaders of the union organizations have the necessary guarantees for the exercise of their management and consequently, the employers cannot transfer them, impose disciplinary measures, affect them in their working conditions, or end their employment relationship due to the performance of their union functions, when they are carried out in accordance with the law
Article 3 (b) of Labour Code also provides that every citizen in conditions to work, without distinction of race, color, sex, religion, political opinion or national or social origin, has the opportunity to obtain a job with which the citizen can contribute to the ends of society and to the satisfaction worker´s needs. However, there is no specific provision dealing dismissals due to discrimination.
Travailleurs bénéficiant d'une protection particulière: représentants des travailleurs, femmes enceintes ou en congé de maternité, travailleurs avec une invalidité confirmée, travailleurs seniors/à la veille de la retraite, travailleurs effectuant leur service militaire/service alternatif
See above article 56 of Labour Code.
Also, in the case of redundacies, article 59 provides that workers over fifty years of age, if they are men, or over forty-five, if they are women, and those who present partial disability, cannot be declared available while there are vacant positions in the enterprise that they can perform, according to their qualification and work capacity.
Forme de la notification du licenciement au travailleur: écrite
According to article 54, the termination of the employment contract for an undetermined time due to the causes of ineptitude, lack of suitability, partial invalidity or redundancy must be communicated to the worker in writing, thirty days before the termination of the leave, by the employer.
Indemnité compensatrice de préavis: Non
Notification à l'administration publique: Non
Notification aux représentants des travailleurs: Non
Autorisation de l'administration publique ou d'un organe judiciaire: Non
Accord des représentants des travailleurs: Non
Définition du licenciement collectif (nombre d'employés concernés) According to article 57 of Labour Code, the amortization of places as a consequence of structural and institutional changes, technical, technological and organizational changes, increased productivity, merger of employers and their establishments or dependencies and other causes provided by law, may determine the redundancy of workers.
Notification à l'administration publique No
Notification aux syndicats (représentants des travailleurs) No
Notification aux représentants des travailleurs: No
Accord des syndicats (représentants des travailleurs) No
Accord des représentants des travailleurs No
Règles de priorité pour l'ordre des des licenciements collectifs (situation sociale, âge, ancienneté) Yes
According to article 58 of Labour Code, in the event of a declaration of availability (redundancy), the same qualification takes into account seniority, in the way that the oldest worker has a priority on keeping a position. For these purposes, the qualification demonstrated by the workers is taken into account, through the evaluation procedure established by law.
Obligation de l'employeur d'examiner des solutions alternatives au licenciement (transferts, formation...) No
Règles de priorité de réembauche No
travailleurs miniers: Non
: Oui
Oui
Compensation pour licenciement injustifié - limites légales (plafond en mois ou methode de calcul définie): Article 60 of Labour Code provides that at the termination of the employment contract, the worker has the right to receive the salary for the work carried out and the payment corresponding to the annual vacations accumulated up to that moment.
directeurs /cadres dirigeants: Non
Although there are categories of workers enjoying special protection against unfair dismissal, there is no statutory provision concerning reinstatement.
police: Non
Article 250 of Labour Code provides that the labour disputes are submitted to the following bodies:
a) the labour councils, formed in the terms of Law 8/1977;
b) the popular courts of the Judicial System.
According to articles 11, 12 and 23 of Law 8/1977, the Labour Councils handle the conflicts that may arise between workers, or between them and the state administrations, regarding the recognition, granting or claiming of rights and the fulfillment of obligations arising from labor legislation; short-term social security applications and claims; and the application of disciplinary measures of labour order. The submission of the claim to Labour Councils is mandatory before the subsmission to an ordinary court (popular municipal courts). In this sense, the Labour Council will carry out procedures to handle the case and will dictate the resolution.
The resolution of the Council will briefly record the facts and grounds on which it is based and the corresponding decision. If any of the parties expresses its disagreement with the resolution of the Council, it has the right to go to the Municipal People's Court.
According to article 254 of Labour Code and article 702 of Law on Civil, Administrative and Labour Procedure, the popular municipal courts know about:
a) workers' claims about the rights and the fulfillment of the obligations emanating from labour and social security legislation in the short term, including maternity, when one of the parties shows its disagreement with the resolution of the work council;
b) Workers' claims for non-conformity with the application of disciplinary measures and the consequent compensation for damages when these are modified, due to the exemption or other less severe measure being provided, except in the case of disciplinary conflicts subject to special procedures. ;
c) the claims of workers hired in the private and cooperative sectors about their labour rights and requests from their administrations about the application of disciplinary measures.
Règlement des litiges individuels par arbitrage: Non
Although it is not formally called arbitration, the Labour Councils can play the same role. According to articles 11, 12 and 23 of Law 8/1977, the Labour Councils handle the conflicts that may arise between workers, or between them and the state administrations, regarding the recognition, granting or claiming of rights and the fulfillment of obligations arising from labor legislation; short-term social security applications and claims; and the application of disciplinary measures of labour order. The submission of the claim to Labour Councils is mandatory before the subsmission to an ordinary court (popular municipal courts). In this sense, the Labour Council will carry out procedures to handle the case and will dictate the resolution.
The resolution of the Council will briefly record the facts and grounds on which it is based and the corresponding decision. If any of the parties expresses its disagreement with the resolution of the Council, it has the right to go to the Municipal People's Court.
However, if the parties agree with the resolution, it becomes binding and its enforcement might be object of special claim to the ordinary courts.
Charge de la preuve: les deux
Articles 316 to 320, 710 and 711 of Law on Civil, Administrative and Labour Procedures.