Referencias
The data provided for Denmark in this database are reflecting only the content of specific laws protecting against unfair dismissals and do not reflect the content of collective agreements. Users of the database are therefore reminded that traditionally in Denmark the main source of labour law is collective agreement; the role of the State being one of facilitator as opposed to one of regulator. One can therefore not rule out that, on specific issues and/or in specific sectors, termination of employment is regulated quite differently from what is presented in the database. It is worthwhile highlighting that collective agreements are reported to cover 60 to 85% of employees and to serve as a baseline reference by the Courts when ruling on disputes involving workers not covered by a specific collective agreement.<br/>
Employers' and Salaried Employees' (Legal Relationship) (Consolidation) Act [ESEA], as amended by Act 647 of 2013
Fecha:
22 Aug 1970;
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»
Act on notice [...] in connection with collective redundancies, referred to as Collective Dismissals Act [CDA], Act No. 414 of 1 June 1994, as amended by Act No. 1612 of 2013.
Fecha:
22 Aug 1970;
ver la pagina web
»
(ver en NATLEX
»)
Ámbito de aplicación
Tamaño de las empresas excluidas (≤): 20
The rules on collective dismissals are only applicable to enterprises with more than 20 workers [see definition of collective dismissal: sec. 1 CDA].
However, the rules on individual dismissal apply to all enterprises.
Categorías de trabajadores excluidas: obreros, funcionarios publicos, trabajadores domésticos, gente de mar, aprendices, clero, profesores
- There is no general employment legislation covering individual contracts of employment for all categories of workers. There are, however, legislation for specific groups of employees, in particular the Employers' and Salaried Employees' Act (ESEA), which covers white-collar workers.
- Art. 1 (3) ESEA: "The provisions of this Act shall not apply to civil servants or civil servants on probation in the state sector, the primary school system, the Danish National Church, or the local authorities, to salaried employees covered by the Seamen's Act of 7 June 1952, or to apprentices covered by the Apprenticeship Act".
- In addition, the ESEA only applies to salaried employees and does not cover blue-collar workers.
According to art. 1 (1) "salaried employees" shall mean:
"(a)shop assistants and office workers employed in buying and selling activities, in office work or equivalent warehouse operations,
(b)persons whose work takes the form of technical or clinical services (except handicraft work or factory work) and other assistants who carry out comparable work functions,
(c)persons whose work is wholly or mainly to manage or supervise the work of other persons on behalf of the employer,
(d)persons whose work is mainly of the type specified in (a) and (b)".
Contratos colectivos :
CDD regulados: Si
Razones de utilización legítima de CDD: razones materiales y objetivas
Sec. 1 (4) ESEA, refers to "objective criteria such as reaching a specific date, completing a specific task or the occurrence of a specific event".
Número máximo de CDD consecutivos: sin restricción
No statutory limitation regarding the maximum number of successive FTC, but renewal of FTC must be based on objective grounds according to Section 5 of the Act (No. 907 of 2008) on fixed-term employment.
Duración máxima acumulativa de CDD consecutivos: sin limitación
No statutory limitation regarding the maximum number of successive FTC, but renewal of FTC must be based on objective grounds according to Section 5 of the Act (No. 907 of 2008) on fixed-term employment.
% de trabajadores bajo CDD: 8.8
Source: Eurostat, annual average for 2013.
The figure refers to the percentage of employee with a contract of limited duration (= temporary job) of total number of employee aged 15-74 years.
Eurostat data are based on the following definition:
"A job may be considered temporary if employer and employee agree that its end is determined by objective conditions such as a specific date, the completion of a task or the return of another employee who has been temporarily replaced (usually stated in a work contract of limited duration). Typical cases are: (a) persons with seasonal employment; (b) persons engaged by an agency or employment exchange and hired to a third party to perform a specific task (unless there is a written work contract of unlimited duration); (c) persons with specific training contracts."
Duración maxima del periodo de prueba (en meses): 3 mes(es)
- There is no general legislation regarding probationary periods in Denmark. For salaried employees (white-collar employees) however, a probationary period of up to three months may be agreed. This period cannot be extended. During the probationary period both parties are entitled to terminate the employment contract by giving 14 days of notice.
- Sec. 2 (5) ESEA provides that: "if the employer can substantiate that the engagement is on probation and that the employment relationship does not exceed a period of three months, termination on the part of the employment may take place given a period of notice of at least 14 days¿
Obligación de motivar el despido: Si
Motivos autorizados (despido justificado):
Motivos prohibidos: estado civil, embarazo, licencia de maternidad, presentación de una queja contra el empleador, enfermedad o accidente profesional temporal, raza, color, sexo, orientación sexual, religión, opinion política, origen social, nacionalidad, edad, afiliación sindical y actividades sindicales, discapacidad, licencia paternal, origen étnico
See anti-discrimination regulation:
- The Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006, prohibits discrimination due to sex. The Act also lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.
- The Act on Discrimination on the Labour Market, 16 December 2008, prohibits both direct and indirect discrimination due to race, colour, religion, political opinion, sexual orientation, age, disability or national, social or ethnic origin.
- The Act on Protection against Dismissal due to Organisational Matters, 8 May 2006, protects employees against dismissal due to membership or non membership of a specific trade union and other organisation.
On temporary illness: see sec. 5 (1) ESEA.
Without good cause:
Sec. 2b ESEA: dismissal not considered reasonably justified by the conduct of the employee or the circumstances of the enterprise entail compensation.
Sec. 3 (1) ESEA: an employer who is terminating the employment relationship without a "good cause" shall pay compensation.
Trabajadores que gozan de una protección particular (fuero): mujeres embarazadas o con licencia de maternidad, trabajadores con responsabilidades familiares
- See art . 7 ESEA and the Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006 that lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.
Forma de la notificación del despido al trabajador: escrita
Sec. 2 (7) ESEA.
Plazo de preaviso:
Sec. 2 (2) ESEA. The notice period shall be:
* 1 month during the first 6 months' employment;
* 3 months after 6 months' employment
* increased by one month for every three years of service, subject to a maximum of 6 months.
Indemnización sustitutiva de preaviso: No
Notificación a la administración: No
Notificación a los representantes de los trabajadores: No
Aprobación de la administración publica o de organismos judiciales: No
Acuerdo de los representantes de los trabajadores: No
Definición de despido colectivo (número de empleados afectados) Over a period of 30 days, at least:<br/>1) 10 employees in undertakings with 21 to 99 employees; <br/>2) 10% out of 100 to 299 employees;<br/>3) 30 employees in undertakings with at least 300 employees. <br/>
Sec. 1 CDA
Notificación a la administración Yes
Sec. 5 - 6 CDA
Notificación a los sindicatos (representantes de los trabajadores) Yes
Sec. 7 CDA
Notificación a los representantes de los trabajadores: Yes
Sec. 5 - 6 CDA
Acuerdo de los sindicatos (representantes de los trabajadores) No
Acuerdo de los representantes de los trabajadores No
Reglas de prioridad para los despidos colectivos (consideraciones sociales, edad, años de servicio) No
Obligación del empleador de considerar solucionés alternativas al despido (transferencia, formación...) No
Reglas de prioridad para la re-contratación Yes
Sec. 5 (2) CDA
:
* White-Collar workers:
Sec. 2a ESEA:
In case of dismissal of a salaried employee having worked continuously in the same enterprise for 12, 15, 18 years, the employer shall pay a sum corresponding to, respectively, 1, 2 or 3 months' salary unless the employee is entitled to old-age pension.
* Blue-collar workers: no statutory severance pay. Severance pay is regulated by collective agreements.
: 0 mes(es)
: 0 mes(es)
: 0 mes(es)
: 0 mes(es)
: 0 mes(es)
: 0 mes(es)
: 0 mes(es)
: 3 mes(es)
:
* White-collar workers:
Economic dismissals are covered by severance pay. There is no specific statutory redundancy payment for collective dismissal.
Sec. 2a ESEA: In case of dismissal of a salaried employee having worked continuously in the same enterprise for 12, 15, 18 years, the employer shall pays a sum corresponding to, respectively, 1, 2 or 3 months' salary unless the employee is entitled to old-age pension.
* Blue-collar workers: no statutory redundancy payment.
: 0 mes(es)
: 0 mes(es)
: 0 mes(es)
: 0 mes(es)
: 0 mes(es)
: 0 mes(es)
: 0 mes(es)
: 3 mes(es)
mineros: No
Sec. 2b (1), (2) ESEA
Compensación por despido injustificado - límites legales (techo calculado en meses o método de calculo): For employees having worked for at least 12 months, compensation shall not exceed the salary of the employee corresponding to half of the period of notice; it may amount up to 3 months' salary for employees over 30 years of age, 4 months' salary for employees with at least 10 years of service; 6 months' salary for employees with at least 15 years of service. <br/>
Sec. 2b (1), (2) ESEA
directores/ gerentes: Si
No provision on reinstatement in the ESEA.
However the General Agreement, 1973 concluded by the Danish Employers' Confederation and the Danish Confederation of Trade Unions provides for reinstatement.
See also: OECD employment protection legislation database, 2013, Denmark: "reinstatement orders are possible but rare" (available at: www.oecd.org/els/emp/oecdindicatorsofemploymentprotection.htm).
policía: Si
Case management in the Danish Labour Court
by Managing Judge Jørn Andersen, Head of Secretariate, 19.9.04, available at:
hwww.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_dialogue/---dialogue/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_160035.pdf
Summary of the Danish Labour Court and Labour administration system, available at:
http://www.arbejdsretten.dk/generelt/labour-court.aspx
The Labour Courts have jurisdiction over cases involving workers covered by a collective agreement whereas ordinary Courts have jurisdiction over dismissal disputes involving those not covered by a collective agreement.
In addition, special dismissal bodies have been set up by social partners for unfair dismissal cases for parties to collective agreements. Their decision can be appealed to ordinary courts.
See Danielle Venn (2009), "Legislation, collective bargaining and enforcement: Updating the OECD employment protection indicators", p. 30. Available at: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/legislation-collective-bargaining-and-enforcement_223334316804
Arbitraje: Si
Regulated by Arbitration Act No. 553 of 24 June 2005 as last amended in 2008.