Law on Employment, adopted in 2013
Labour Code of 1972 as last amended by Law No 4711-VI on October 16, 2012
Date:16 Oct 2012;
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(voir dans NATLEX »)
Ministry of Justice Clarification on the Dismissal Procedure, in Ukrainian
Date:1 Feb 2011;
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Civil Procedure Code
Date:23 Sep 2023;
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Taille des entreprises exclues (≤): aucune
Catégories de travailleurs exclues: aucune
Article 3 of the Labour Code
Law on Employment, adopted in 2013, compared to the Labour Code of 1972, contains only a new definition of mass redundancy
Since 2002, a draft Labour Code has been under discussion by tripartite social partners. New Labour Code draft was submitted to the Parliament in February 2020
CDD reglementés: Oui
Motifs autorisés de recours au CDD: raisons matérielles et objectives
Part two, Article 23 CLL of Ukraine allows using fixed-term employment agreement only when labour relations cannot be established for an indefinite term considering the character of the work to be done or its conditions or the worker's interests, and in other cases provided for by law.
Nombre maximum de CDD successifs: aucune limitation
According to Article 39 CLL, if labour relations actually continue after expiration of the employment agreement and none of the parties demands their termination, validity of such agreement is deemed as extended for an indefinite term. Labour agreements that were re-concluded for one or more times, except as provided for by part two, Article 23 CLL, are deemed as extended for an indefinite term.
Durée cumulée maximum de CDD successifs: aucune limitation
Durée maximale de la période d'essai (en mois): 3 mois
Art. 27 LC provides for the probationary period which can not be longer than 3 months. However it can be prolonged for 3 months more in some special cases and in consultation with appropriate representative body. In case that the employee was absent from work because of the temporary disability or other valid reasons, probation period may be extended for the number of days the employee has been absent. (Art. 27 LC)
Obligation d'informer le travailleur des raisons du licenciement:
Oui
Art.47
Termination of a labour agreement on the initiative of the owner or authorized agency according to Art. 40:
1) changes in production and labor organization, including liquidation, reorganization, bankruptcy or conversion of enterprises, institutions, organizations, downsizing or staff;
2) revealed inconsistencies in employee's professional duties or work performed as a result of inadequate training and health, which hinder the continuation of this work, as well as in the case of refusal of access to state secrets or cancel access to state secrets, if the fulfillment of its responsibilities 'Relations requires access to state secrets;
3) systematic failure of an employee in performing duties, without a good reason, imposed by the labor contract or internal regulations, if applied to an employee before disciplinary action or civil penalty;
4) absence (including absence from work for more than three hours during the working day) without good reason;
5) absence from work for more than four consecutive months due to sick leave, excluding maternity and lineages, if the legislation does not set a longer term preservation of jobs (positions) at a certain disease. For workers who have lost capacity due to industrial injury or occupational disease, workplace (office) is kept to a rehabilitation or a disability;
6) reinstatement of an employee who previously performed this work;
7) appearance at work drunk, or by the influence of drugs or toxic substances;
8) committing theft in the workplace
Dismissal on the grounds specified in paragraphs 1, 2 and 6 of this Article shall be allowed, if you can not transfer an employee with his consent, to another job.
{Part three of Article 40 is excluded on the basis of Law N 6/95-VR on 19/01/95}
The dismissal on the initiative of the owner or authorized body is not allowed during employee's temporary disability (other than dismissal under paragraph 5 of this article) and for the period while the employee is on vacation. This rule does not apply in case of complete liquidation of the enterprise, institution or organization.
Also, art. 41 LC states that additional reasons for termination may be:
1.A gross violation of duty by the CEO, his/hers deputies, chief accountant etc.
2.Violation of duties of an employee who directly deals with with
money, commodities or cultural valuables if such
actions resulted in the loss of his employer's confidence
3.Immoral actions by a tutor
Workers on probation may be dismissed without the consent of the relevant trade union if they are not suitable for the work for which they were hired (Article 28 LC)
Art. 2.1 of the Labour Code provides equal labor rights for all citizens regardless of origin, social status, race, nationality, sex, language, political opinions, religious beliefs, type and nature of occupation, residence and other circumstances.
However in the cases of pregnant women, women who have children under the age of three, (or, in special circumstances supported by medical evidence, under the age of six), and single mothers who have disabled children or children under the age of 14, pursuant to Article 184 of the Labor Code, this rule does not apply in case of liquidation of an enterprise, or if the woman was on a fixed-term contract that expired. However, in these two cases, the employer is obliged to find alternative employment for employees who fall into this category.
Article 25 of the Labor Code prohibits an employer, while concluding an employment agreement with a prospective employee, from requiring any additional documentation not specified in the Labor Code.
Art. 22 LC
Pregnant women, women who have children under the age of three, (or, in special circumstances supported by medical evidence, under the age of six), and single mothers who have disabled children or children under the age of 14 (Art. 184 LC)
Art. 22
Forme de la notification du licenciement au travailleur: écrite
Délai de préavis:
Art. 49
ancienneté ≥ 6 mois:
ancienneté ≥ 9 mois:
ancienneté ≥ 1 an:
ancienneté ≥ 2 ans:
ancienneté ≥ 4 ans:
ancienneté ≥ 5 ans:
ancienneté ≥ 10 ans:
ancienneté ≥ 20 ans:
Indemnité compensatrice de préavis: Non
Notification à l'administration publique: Non
Notification aux représentants des travailleurs: Non
Autorisation de l'administration publique ou d'un organe judiciaire: Non
Accord des représentants des travailleurs: Non
Définition du licenciement collectif (nombre d'employés concernés):
Mass redundancy is a one-time termination, or a termination:
Over a period of 1 month:
•10 and more workers in an enterprise, establishment, or organization employing 20 to 100 workers;
•10 and more per cent of workers in an enterprise, establishment, or organization employing 101 to 300 workers;
Over a period of 3 months:
•20 and more per cent of workers in an enterprise, establishment, or organization regardless of the total number of employees
Consultation préalable des syndicats (représentants des travailleurs): Oui
Article 49.4 of the Labour Code - consultation with trade unions three months before any dismissal
Notification à l'administration publique: Oui
Article 49.2 of the Labour Code - notification to public service of employment two months before any dismissal
Notification aux représentants des travailleurs: Oui
Autorisation de l'administration publique ou d'un organe judiciaire: Non
Accord des représentants des travailleurs: Non
Article 43 of the Labour Code: any dismissal of a worker, member of the trade union, is allowed only upon approval by the trade union.
Règles de priorité pour l'ordre des des licenciements collectifs (situation sociale, âge, ancienneté): Oui
Article 42 of the Labour Code: to select workers for redundancy, the preference is given to workers with higher qualification and better productivity. This provision also lists other facrtors to take into account in case of equal productivity and qualification, such as having two or more dependants, long tenure at the entreprise etc.
Obligation de l'employeur d'examiner des solutions alternatives au licenciement (transferts, formation...): Oui
Article 40 of the Labour Code: Any dismissal for economic reasons is allowed only if it is impossible to find another job acceptable for the worker.
Règles de priorité de réembauche: Oui
Article 42.1 of the Labour Code - the preferential right to be re-employed is granted to redundant workers during one year after their dismissal for economic reaons.
ancienneté ≥ 6 mois: 1 mois
ancienneté ≥ 9 mois: 1 mois
ancienneté ≥ 1 an: 1 mois
ancienneté ≥ 4 ans: 1 mois
ancienneté ≥ 5 ans: 1 mois
ancienneté ≥ 10 ans: 1 mois
ancienneté ≥ 20 ans: 1 mois
Indemnité de licenciement pour motif économique:
ancienneté ≥ 6 mois: 1 mois
ancienneté ≥ 9 mois: 1 mois
ancienneté ≥ 1 an: 1 mois
ancienneté ≥ 2 ans: 1 mois
ancienneté ≥ 4 ans: 1 mois
ancienneté ≥ 5 ans: 1 mois
ancienneté ≥ 10 ans: 1 mois
ancienneté ≥ 20 ans: 1 mois
At least 1 month of payment is foreseen by the Labour Code in case of redundancy or worker-related dismissals. Higher payment is foreseen in several other cases, such as employment termination to fulfill a military duty, or employer's breach of the labour legislation.
Compensation pour licenciement injustifié - montant librement déterminé par la cour: Oui
Compensation for unfair dismissal - Are there legal limits?:
Non
Compensation pour licenciement injustifié - limites légales (plafond en mois ou methode de calcul définie): Article 235 of the Labour Code: in case of reinstatement of an unfairly dismissed worker, the compensation for idle time is limited to one-year wages. However, if the worker is not guilty of the fact that the trial lasts more than one year, the court may afford compensation of lost wages for the whole idle period.
Possibilité de réintégration dans l'emploi: Oui
Article 235 of the Labour Code
Conciliation préalable obligatoire: Oui
Commission on Labour Disputes (CLD): Article 221 of Labour Code provides that it is an obligatory first pre-trial instance to resolve the individual labour disputes at the work level, for enterprises and organizations that have more than 15 employees. If the number of employees is less than 15 employees, there is no obligation to establish CLD and such employees could directly address to the court for the protection of their labour rights (article 232 of Labour Code). The CLD decision is a special form of pre-trial procedure and could not be considered as arbitration. Art. 232 of the Labour Code set out disputes that can be considered only in the courts and cannot be subject of CLD procedures.
Courts ou tribunaux compétents: juridiction ordinaire
Article 232 of the Labour Code
Règlement des litiges individuels par arbitrage: Non
Charge de la preuve: les deux
According to article 81 of Civil Procedure Code, each party shall prove the circumstances to which it refers as the basis of its claims or objections, except as provided in this Code. In cases of discrimination, the plaintiff is required to provide factual evidence that the discrimination has taken place. If such information is provided, the defendant shall rely on proof of its absence.