CDD reglementés: Non

Motifs autorisés de recours au CDD: aucune limitation

Nombre maximum de CDD successifs: aucune limitation

Durée cumulée maximum de CDD successifs: aucune limitation

Notes / Remarques

Notes

There is no reference to particular types of employment contracts in the LA. Therefore it seems that FTC, if they exist, would not be subject to any specific regulation.

Durée maximale de la période d'essai (en mois):

Remarks

There is no reference to probationary period in the LA.

Obligation d'informer le travailleur des raisons du licenciement: Oui

Remarks

Sec. 30(3) LA: the reasons for termination must be indicated in the written notice of termination.

Motifs autorisés (licenciement justifié): tout motif légitime

Remarks

Sec. 33(1) EA: An employer must not, whether notice is given or not, dismiss an employee -
(a) without a valid and fair reason; and
(b) without following the procedures set by the LA in case of redundancy; or, subject to any code of good practice, a fair procedure, in any other case.

Motifs prohibés: état matrimonial, grossesse, congé de matérnité, responsabilités familiales, race, couleur, sexe, religion, opinion politique, origine sociale, affiliation et activités syndicales, handicap, statut financier, exercice d'un droit, statut VIH, origine ethnique

Remarks

sec. 33 (2) LA lists the cases of unfair dismissals, which occur:
- because the employee discloses information that he or she is entitled or required to disclose to another person;
- for the reasons related to an employee's lawful trade union activities,
- because of the exercise of any right conferred by the LA or the terms of the contract of employment; or
- because the employee fails or refuses to do anything that an employer must not lawfully permit or require an employee to do.
In addition constitute an unfair dismissal any dismissal based on: sex, race, colour, ethnic origin, religion, creed or social or economic status, political opinion and marital status (sec. 33(3) LA)
See also sec. 5(2) LA which forbids employer to discriminate employees in any decision, which includes termination, on account of family responsibilities, degree of physical or mental disability, AIDS or HIV status; or previous, current or future pregnancy (in addition to the above-mentioned grounds listed in sec. 33(3))
The dismissal of an employee for disciplinary reasons in contravention of sec. 33 LA constitutes an unfair labour practice (sec. 48 LA).
On maternity leave, see sec. 26(5) LA.

Travailleurs bénéficiant d'une protection particulière: femmes enceintes ou en congé de maternité

Remarks

See sec. 26(5) LA: An employer must not dismiss an employee during her maternity leave or at the expiry of that leave on:
- economic grounds (as listed in sec. 34 on collective dismissal)
- any grounds arising from her pregnancy, delivery, or her resulting family status or responsibility.
The prohibition does not apply if the employer has offered the employee comparable alternative employment; and she has unreasonably refused to accept that offer.

Forme de la notification du licenciement au travailleur: écrite

Remarks

Sec. 30(3) LA.

Délai de préavis:

Remarks

Sec. 30(1) LA set forth statutory minimum notice periods according to the employee's length of service, as follow:
- one day, if the employee has been employed for four weeks or less;
- one week, if the employee has been employed for more than four weeks but not more than one year;
- one month, if the employee has been employed for more than one year.

An employer and an employee may agree to a longer notice period provided that it is of equal duration for both parties (sec. 30(2) LA)

ancienneté ≥ 6 mois:

  • Tous: 1 semaine(s).

ancienneté ≥ 9 mois:

  • Tous: 1 semaine(s).

ancienneté ≥ 2 ans:

  • Tous: 1 mois.

ancienneté ≥ 4 ans:

  • Tous: 1 mois.

ancienneté ≥ 5 ans:

  • Tous: 1 mois.

ancienneté ≥ 10 ans:

  • Tous: 1 mois.

ancienneté ≥ 20 ans:

  • Tous: 1 mois.

Indemnité compensatrice de préavis: Oui

Remarks

Sec. 31 LA.

Notification à l'administration publique: Non

Remarks

Except in the event of redundancy (see under"Collective dismissals for economic reasons"): art. 34 LA.

Notification aux représentants des travailleurs: Non

Remarks

Except in the event of redundancy (see under"Collective dismissals for economic reasons"): art. 34 LA.

Autorisation de l'administration publique ou d'un organe judiciaire: Non

Accord des représentants des travailleurs: Non

Définition du licenciement collectif (nombre d'employés concernés): The Labour Act provides for a specific regime in the event of any dismissal based on the reduction of the workforce arising from the re-organisation or transfer of the business or the discontinuance or reduction of the business for economic or technological reasons. However, it does not specify the number of employee concerned.

Remarks

See sec. 34 LA.

Consultation préalable des syndicats (représentants des travailleurs): Oui

Remarks

Art. 34(1) d) LA: In case of redundancy, the employer must negotiate in good faith with the trade union or workplace representatives on alternatives to dismissals, the selection criteria, how to minimise the dismissals; the conditions on which the dismissals are to take place; and how to avert the adverse effects of the dismissals.

Notification à l'administration publique: Oui

Remarks

Sec. 34(1) (a) LA: Notification to the Labour Commissioner at least four weeks before the intended dismissals are to take place. The information shall include the reasons for the reduction in the workforce, the number and categories of employees affected and the date of the dismissals.

Notification aux représentants des travailleurs: Oui

Remarks

Sec. 34(1) (a) and (b) LA: Notification to any trade union which the employer has recognised as the exclusive bargaining agent in respect of the employees at least four weeks before the intended dismissals are to take place. The information shall include the reasons for the reduction in the workforce, the number and categories of employees affected and the date of the dismissals.
If there is no recognised trade union as the exclusive bargaining agent in the enterprise, the information must be given to the elected workplace representatives.

Autorisation de l'administration publique ou d'un organe judiciaire: Non

Accord des représentants des travailleurs: Non

Règles de priorité pour l'ordre des des licenciements collectifs (situation sociale, âge, ancienneté): Non

Remarks

No rules on the determination of selection criteria in the legislation reviewed. Selection criteria are referred to in sec. 34 (1) d) LA as one of the element to be negotiated with to the trade union or worker representatives. The employer shall select the employees according to criteria that are either agreed or fair and objective (sec. 34 (1) e) LA)

Obligation de l'employeur d'examiner des solutions alternatives au licenciement (transferts, formation...): Oui

Remarks

Art. 34(1) d) LA: In case of redundancy, the employer must negotiate with the trade union or workers representatives on alternatives to dismissals, how to minimise the dismissals and how to avert the adverse effects of the dismissals.

Règles de priorité de réembauche: Non

Notes / Remarques

Notes

See: Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2011, published 101st ILC session (2012)

"The Committee notes that there were 3,089 terminations for economic or similar reasons between 1 April 2010 and 31 March 2011".

Indemnité de licenciement:

Remarks

An employer must pay severance pay to an employee who has completed 12 months of continuous service (sec. 35 LA), if the employee:
- is dismissed ;
* dies while employed; or
* resigns after reaching the age of 65 years.
The amount of severance pay must be equal to at least one week's remuneration for each year of continuous service with the employer (sec. 35 (3)).

However, an employee is not entitled to severance pay (sec. 35 (2)):
- in case of a fair dismissal on grounds of misconduct or poor work performance;
- if the employee unreasonably refuses to be reinstated; or
- if the employee unreasonably refuses to accept employment on no less favourable terms.

ancienneté ≥ 6 mois: 0 semaine(s)

ancienneté ≥ 9 mois: 0 semaine(s)

ancienneté ≥ 1 an: 1 semaine(s)

ancienneté ≥ 4 ans: 4 semaine(s)

ancienneté ≥ 5 ans: 5 semaine(s)

ancienneté ≥ 10 ans: 10 semaine(s)

ancienneté ≥ 20 ans: 20 semaine(s)

Indemnité de licenciement pour motif économique:

Remarks

No specific provision on redundancy payment. However, dismissed employees are entitled to severance pay in the event of any dismissal (not based on misconduct or poor performance) (sec. 35 LA). Economic dismissals are therefore included under severance pay.

ancienneté ≥ 6 mois: 0 semaine(s)

ancienneté ≥ 9 mois: 0 semaine(s)

ancienneté ≥ 1 an: 1 semaine(s)

ancienneté ≥ 2 ans: 2 semaine(s)

ancienneté ≥ 4 ans: 4 semaine(s)

ancienneté ≥ 5 ans: 5 semaine(s)

ancienneté ≥ 10 ans: 10 semaine(s)

ancienneté ≥ 20 ans: 20 semaine(s)

Compensation pour licenciement injustifié - montant librement déterminé par la cour: Oui

Remarks

No legal limits on the amount of compensation for unfair dismissal to be awarded by the arbitrator (see sec. 86(15) c) LA)

Possibilité de réintégration dans l'emploi: Oui

Remarks

Sec. 86(15) d) LA.

Conciliation préalable obligatoire: Oui

Remarks

Art. 86(5) LC: "Unless the dispute has already been conciliated, the arbitrator must attempt to resolve the dispute through conciliation before beginning the arbitration."
See also art. 85(6) LC: "If the conciliation attempt is unsuccessful, the arbitrator must begin the arbitration".

Courts ou tribunaux compétents: tribunal du travail

Remarks

The Labour Court will only be competent to hear appeals against an arbitrator's award
* on any question of law alone;
* in the case of an award in a dispute initially referred to the labour Commissioner concerning the fundamental rights, on a question of fact, law or mixed fact and law (sec. 89 (1) LA).

Règlement des litiges individuels par arbitrage: Oui

Remarks

Arbitration is the ordinary mechanism settling disputes relating to the breach of a contract of employment or a collective agreement (see sec. 84 to 86 LA). Any party to such dispute may refer it in writing to the Labour Commissioner or any labour office which will then refer the dispute to an arbitrator to attempt to resolve the dispute through arbitration; (sec. 86 (1) LA).
If the dispute concerns a dismissal, it must be done within six months after the date of the dismissal.

Durée de la procédure: 12mois

Remarks

Between 3 and 12 months depending on Court scheduling.

See: Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2011, published 101st ILC session (2012)

"The Committee notes the information contained in the Government's report received in October 2011 in reply to the 2009 direct request. (...) The Government further reports that the average time to examine the appeals is done in accordance with the Labour Court Rules and ranges between three to 12 months, or more depending on Court scheduling."

% de litiges relatifs au licenciement par raport au nombre total de litiges: 70

Remarks

See: Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2011, published 101st ILC session (2012)

"The Committee notes the information contained in the Government's report received in October 2011 in reply to the 2009 direct request. The Government reports that 70 per cent of 3,100 registered labour disputes concerned termination of employment (unfair dismissals). Some of the disputes were successfully conciliated while others were referred to arbitration. Out of 86 appeals and reviews that were filed at the Labour Court, 70 were unfair dismissal claims."

Notes / Remarques

Notes

See: Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2011, published 101st ILC session (2012)

"The Committee notes the information contained in the Government's report received in October 2011 in reply to the 2009 direct request. The Government reports that 70 per cent of 3,100 registered labour disputes concerned termination of employment (unfair dismissals). Some of the disputes were successfully conciliated while others were referred to arbitration. Out of 86 appeals and reviews that were filed at the Labour Court, 70 were unfair dismissal claims. The Government further reports that the average time to examine the appeals is done in accordance with the Labour Court Rules and ranges between three to 12 months, or more depending on Court scheduling. The Committee notes that there were 3,089 terminations for economic or similar reasons between 1 April 2010 and 31 March 2011".