CDD regulados: Si

Razones de utilización legítima de CDD: razones materiales y objetivas

Remarks

The employment relationship may be for a specified piece of work or of specified duration or of unspecified duration. In the absence of any express stipulation, the relationship is to be deemed to be of unspecified duration.
A contract for a specified piece of work may be made only when such contract is required by the nature of the work (art. 36, FLA). A contract of a specified duration may be made only in the following cases (art. 37, FLA):
*where the nature of the work to be done so requires;
*when the contract is to provide a temporary substitute for another employee; and
*in the other cases provided for in this Act.

Employment relationships for work in mines lacking in minerals capable of paying the cost of the operation or for the reopening of abandoned or unworked mines may be for a specified period, for a specified piece of work or for the investment of a fixed capital sum (art. 38, FLA).

If on the expiry of the specified period the material to be worked still subsists, the employment relationship continues for as long as this circumstance continues (art. 39, FLA).

Número máximo de CDD consecutivos: sin restricción

Remarks

No statutory limitation.

Duración máxima acumulativa de CDD consecutivos: sin limitación

Remarks

No statutory limitation.

Duración maxima del periodo de prueba (en meses):

Remarks

No statutory limitation.

Obligación de motivar el despido: Si

Remarks

Art. 47 FLA.

Motivos autorizados (despido justificado): conducta del trabajador, razones económicas, capacidad del trabajador

Remarks

The FLA establishes a distinction between dismissal (despido) (art. 47) and termination (terminación) (art. 53).
Under the FLA dismissal (despido) can only be justified by reasons related to the worker's conduct (listed below). Economic reasons and, worker's incapacity are considered to be grounds for termination (terminación) in addition to other grounds such as force majeure, death of the worker, termination of the work.. (art. 53)

*worker's conduct: art. 47 FLA provides for a detailed list of acts that allows the employer to dismiss the workers:
- if the worker or the trade union which proposed or recommended him or her deceives the employer by means of false certificates or references attributing to the worker abilities, skills or qualities which he or she does not possess. These grounds for termination cease to be operative after the worker has completed 30 days' employment;
- if the worker in the course of his or her employment commits a dishonest or dishonourable act, violence, threats or ill-treatment towards the employer or any member of the employer's family or the top management or managerial personnel of the undertaking or establishment, except in the case of provocation or self-defence;
- if the worker is guilty of any of the acts mentioned in the preceding clauses towards any fellow workers and workplace discipline is affected as a consequence of such acts;
- if the worker is guilty outside his or her employment of any of the acts mentioned in the second ground above and these acts are of such a serious nature as to render the fulfilment of the contract of employment impossible;
- if the worker in the performance of his or her work or in connection therewith willfully causes material damage to the buildings, works, machinery, tools, raw materials or other objects connected with the work;
- if the worker causes damage as in the preceding clause of a serious character acting without malicious intent but with negligence which is the sole cause of the damage;
- if the worker by his or her inexcusable imprudence or carelessness endangers the safety of the establishment or the persons therein;
- if the worker is guilty of immoral conduct in the establishment or workplace;
- if the worker reveals manufacturing secrets or communicates matters of a private character to the detriment of the undertaking;
- if the worker is absent from work more than three times in a period of 30 days without the employer's permission or without sufficient reason;
- if the worker refuses to obey the employer or his or her representative without sufficient reason in matters connected with the work under the contract;
- if the worker refuses to adopt preventive measures or follow the procedure laid down for the prevention of accidents or disease;
- if the worker attends work in a state of intoxication or under the influence of a narcotic or harmful drug unless, in the latter case, he or she has a medical prescription. Before commencing service, the worker should inform the employer of the facts and submit a certificate signed by a medical practitioner;
- if the worker receives an executory judgement sentencing him or her to a term of imprisonment preventing him or her from fulfilling the obligations under the employment relationship; and
- on grounds similar to those laid down in the preceding clauses if they are of equal gravity and entail similar consequences as far as the work is concerned.

*Worker's capacity: according to art. 53 IV), the worker's physical or mental incapacity or obvious disability making it impossible for him or her to perform the work constitutes a valid ground for termination.

Note that poor performance of the worker is not a statutory ground for dismissal.

*Economic reasons: according to art. 434 FLA, constitute reasons for termination:
- the self-evident non- profitability of the operations,
- the legally declared insolvency or bankruptcy.
No other economic reasons are listed.


Motivos prohibidos: estado civil, raza, sexo, orientación sexual, religión, opinion política, origen social, edad, afiliación sindical y actividades sindicales, discapacidad, situación económica, lengua, participación en una huelga legal, estado de salud, prestar servicio como jurado, cumplir obligaciones cívicas, origen étnico

Remarks

* A dismissal on the ground of trade union membership or participation in a lawful strike amounts to a dismissal without cause (art. 123 A XXII of the Constitution).

* Art. 3 of the FLA prohibits discrimination between workers on the grounds of race, sex, age, religion belief, political opinion or social condition.
(Note also that Art. 1 of the Constitution establishes a general prohibition of any discrimination on the grounds of ethnic or national origin, gender, age, disabilities, social condition, health condition, religion, opinions, sexual orientation, marital status or any other ground threatening human dignity or which aims to diminish human rights and freedoms).

See also art 1(III) and 9 Federal Law to prevent and eliminate discrimination of 2003, last amended in 2012.


Fulfilling state duties and performing jury services – art 132 FLA (VIII): Employers must allow workers the necessary time to exercise their right to vote and to fulfil jury, electoral and registration services as observed in article 5 of the Constitution when the tasks must be fulfilled in working hours.

Trabajadores que gozan de una protección particular (fuero): trabadores con relevantes años de servicio

Remarks

*Art. 161 FLA: Workers with more than 20 years of service can only be dismissed on of the grounds listed art. 47 (reasons related to the worker's conduct) provided that such reason is particularly serious or makes it impossible to continue the employment relationship.

Forma de la notificación del despido al trabajador: escrita

Remarks

Art. 47 FLA: written notification with the effective date of the dismissal and the reasons for dismissal. If the worker refuses such notification, the employer shall inform the Board of Conciliation and Arbitration.
If the employer fails to observe this requirement, the dismissal can be considered unjustified.

Plazo de preaviso:

Remarks

No statutory minimum notice period.

duración de servicio ≥ 6 meses:

  • Todos: 0 mes(es).

duración de servicio ≥ 9 meses:

  • Todos: 0 mes(es).

duración de servicio ≥ 2 años:

  • Todos: 0 mes(es).

duración de servicio ≥ 4 años:

  • Todos: 0 mes(es).

duración de servicio ≥ 5 años:

  • Todos: 0 mes(es).

duración de servicio ≥ 10 años:

  • Todos: 0 mes(es).

duración de servicio ≥ 20 años:

  • Todos: 0 mes(es).

Indemnización sustitutiva de preaviso: No

Notificación a la administración: No

Remarks

However, when the employee fails to accept the dismissal notification, the employer shall notify the Board of Conciliation and Arbitration (art. 47 FLA).

Notificación a los representantes de los trabajadores: No

Aprobación de la administración publica o de organismos judiciales: No

Acuerdo de los representantes de los trabajadores: No

Definición de despido colectivo (número de empleados afectados): No specified number in the legislation.

Remarks

Art. 434 II, III, V: Grounds for collective termination:
- the known and obvious inability of the undertaking to pay its way;
- the exhaustion of the substance being extracted by a mining undertaking;
- statutory declaration of insolvency proceedings or bankruptcy if the competent authority or the creditors decide on the definitive closure of the undertaking or the definitive retrenchment of production.

Consultación previa con los sindicatos (representantes de los trabajadores): Si

Remarks

See: art. 892-899 FLA (for 434 subsections I, III and V) and art. 900-919 FLA (for art 434 subsection II) on Proceedings applicable to collective disputes (including collective termination): duty to inform and consult with employees representatives.

Notificación a la administración: Si

Remarks

*Notification to the Board of Conciliation: Art. 435 FLA.
*Proceedings before the Board of Conciliation: art. 892-899 (for 434 subsections I, III and V) and art. 903-919 FLA (for art 434 subsection II).

Notificación a los representantes de los trabajadores: Si

Remarks

See: art. 892-899 and art. 900-919 FLA on Proceedings applicable to collective disputes (including collective termination): duty to inform and consult with employees representatives.
Note that the procedure is brought before the Board of Conciliation and it is in charge of informing and calling upon the worker's representatives for negotiation. (see art. 434 FLA)

Aprobación de la administración publica o de organismos judiciales: Si

Remarks

*Art. 435 FLA: approval by the Board of Conciliation Arbitration
*Proceedings before the Board of Conciliation when collective termination is based to the self-evident non profitability of the operations of the undertaking:: art. 892ff (for 434 subsections I, III and V) and art. 903-919 FLA (for art 434 subsection II).

On the proceedings to be followed in case of bankruptcy, see art. 782 FLA.

Acuerdo de los representantes de los trabajadores: No

Remarks

However, during the proceedings before the Board of Conciliation, if the employer and the trade union reach an agreement, the Board will approve it (art. 906 IV) FLA).

Reglas de prioridad para los despidos colectivos (consideraciones sociales, edad, años de servicio): Si

Remarks

Art. 437 FLA: seniority-based priority to remain in the undertaking.

Obligación del empleador de considerar solucionés alternativas al despido (transferencia, formación...): No

Reglas de prioridad para la re-contratación: Si

Remarks

Art. 438 together following 154 FLA . In equality of circumstances, employers must prefer Mexican workers over non-Mexican workers, those that satisfactory served for a longer period of time, those who do not have any other economic income and have family responsibilities and those that are members of a trade unions.

Indemnización por despido:

Remarks

No severance pay.

duración de servicio ≥ 6 meses: 0 mes(es)

duración de servicio ≥ 9 meses: 0 mes(es)

duración de servicio ≥ 1 año: 0 mes(es)

duración de servicio ≥ 4 años: 0 mes(es)

duración de servicio ≥ 5 años: 0 mes(es)

duración de servicio ≥ 10 años: 0 mes(es)

duración de servicio ≥ 20 años: 0 mes(es)

Indemnización por despido por razones económicas:

Remarks

Art. 436 FLA: 3 months' salary + seniority award (12 days per year of service).

duración de servicio ≥ 6 meses: 90 día(s)

duración de servicio ≥ 9 meses: 90 día(s)

duración de servicio ≥ 1 año: 102 día(s)

duración de servicio ≥ 2 años: 114 día(s)

duración de servicio ≥ 4 años: 138 día(s)

duración de servicio ≥ 5 años: 150 día(s)

duración de servicio ≥ 10 años: 210 día(s)

duración de servicio ≥ 20 años: 330 día(s)

Compensación por despido injustificado - libre determinación de la Corte: No

Remarks

Art. 48 and 50 FLA (articles modified in November 2012)

Compensación por despido injustificado - límites legales (techo calculado en meses o método de calculo): Art. 50 FLA. Compensation for unfair dismissal consists of the following:

- if the employment relationship is for a specified period of less than one year, an amount equal to the total amount of remuneration payable for one-half of the entire period of employment; if the employment relationship lasted for more than one year, six months' wages for the first year of service plus 20 days' wages for each additional year of service;

- if the employment relationship is for an unspecified period the compensation consists of 20 days' wages for each year of service

- in addition to the compensation referred to in the preceding clause, three months' wages plus the entire remuneration payable in respect of the period from the date of dismissal to the date on which the compensation is paid.

Remarks

Art. 50 FLA.

Posibilidad de readmisión: Si

Remarks

Art. 48 FLA: The worker may apply to a Conciliation and Arbitration Board for reinstatement in the post occupied or for compensation in the form of three months' wages, at his or her choice.

Under art. 49 of the FLA, the employer may, in the following cases, be released from the obligation to reinstate the worker by paying the compensation referred to in art. 50:

in the case of workers who have been employed for less than one year in the undertaking;
if sufficient evidence is furnished to the satisfaction of the Conciliation and Arbitration Board that the worker on account of the work performed or the nature of the work is in direct and permanent contact with the employer and the Board is of the opinion, taking into consideration all the circumstances of the case, that continuation of the work is impossible;
in the case of employees in a position of trust;
in domestic service; and
in the case of casual workers.

Conciliación previa obligatoria: Si

Remarks

Art. 123 (A)(XX) of the Mexican Constitution.
Employment disputes are heard by Labour Courts [u2026] However, before resorting to labour courts, workers and employers must assist to the appropriate conciliatory institution.

Corte o Tribunal competente: tribunal del trabajo

Remarks

Art. 123 (A)( XX)of the Mexican Constitution, 58 FLA.
In Mexico, employment disputes are heard by the Conciliation and Arbitration Board (Junta de Conciliación y Arbitraje). They can be heard by the Federal or Local board according to distribution of competencies (Art. 621 FLA).

This is a tripartite body that exercises jurisdictional functions. See art. 605ff for composition and structural organization. Note that this was modified in November 2012.

Arbitraje: No