Employment Contract Act, No. 55 of 2001 (amendments up to 579/2006 included) [ECA];
Fecha:29 Jun 2006;
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(ver en NATLEX »)
Act on Cooperation within Undertakings, No 334 of 2007 [ACU], Act on Cooperation within Undertakings, No 334 of 2007 [ACU], last amended by Act 218/2010 of 30 March 2010 in force since January 1st, 2010.
[Note: the 2009 and 2010 amendments are not included in the English version]
Fecha:30 Mar 2010;
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(ver en NATLEX »)
Employment Contract Act, No. 55 of 2001 (amendments up to 579/2006 included) [ECA];
Fecha:29 Jun 2006;
ver la pagina web »
(ver en NATLEX »)
Act on Cooperation within Undertakings, No 334 of 2007 [ACU], Act on Cooperation within Undertakings, No 334 of 2007 [ACU], last amended by Act 218/2010 of 30 March 2010 in force since January 1st, 2010.
[Note: the 2009 and 2010 amendments are not included in the English version]
Fecha:30 Mar 2010;
ver la pagina web »
(ver en NATLEX »)
Tamaño de las empresas excluidas (≤): 20
The ACU (that establishes cooperation procedures in particular with regards to economic dismissals) only applies to enterprises employing 20 or more workers. However, the ECA is applicable no matter the size of the enterprise.
Categorías de trabajadores excluidas: funcionarios publicos, gente de mar, funcionarios publicos, gente de mar
Sec. 2, chap. 1 ECA: the ECA is not applicable to employment relations subject to public law, ordinary hobbies activities, contracts of work governed by separate provisions.
Seamen's Act (423/1978, as amended).
CDD regulados: Si
Razones de utilización legítima de CDD: razones materiales y objetivas
Sec. 3, chap.1, ECA: "justified reason".
Número máximo de CDD consecutivos: sin restricción
Although there are no statutory limitations on the number of successive contracts, the ECA states that "consecutive fixed-term contracts concluded without any justified reason shall be considered valid indefinitely" (sec. 3(2), chap. 1 ECA).
Duración máxima acumulativa de CDD consecutivos: sin limitación
No statutory limitation on the maximum cumulative duration of successive FTCS. However the ECA states that "consecutive fixed-term contracts concluded without any justified reason shall be considered valid indefinitely" (sec. 3(2), chap. 1, ECA).
% de trabajadores bajo CDD: 15.5
Source: Eurostat, annual average for 2010.
The figure refers to the percentage of employee with a contract of limited duration (= temporary job) of total number of employee aged 15-74 years.
Eurostat data are based on the following definition:
"A job may be considered temporary if employer and employee agree that its end is determined by objective conditions such as a specific date, the completion of a task or the return of another employee who has been temporarily replaced (usually stated in a work contract of limited duration). Typical cases are: (a) persons with seasonal employment; (b) persons engaged by an agency or employment exchange and hired to a third party to perform a specific task (unless there is a written work contract of unlimited duration); (c) persons with specific training contracts."
Duración maxima del periodo de prueba (en meses): 4 mes(es)
Sec. 4, chap. 1 ECA.
(6 months if the employer provides specific, work-related training for the employee over at least 4 months)
Duración maxima del periodo de prueba (en meses): 4 mes(es)
Sec. 4, chap. 1 ECA.
(6 months if the employer provides specific, work-related training for the employee over at least 4 months)
Obligación de motivar el despido:
Si
Sec. 2 & 3, chap. 9, ECA.
See: sec.1-3, chap. 7, ECA.
As a general condition, termination of employment cannot take place without a "proper and weighty reason". Two types of reasons are listed in the ECA: these are reasons connected with the employee's person (conduct, and capacity) and economic reasons.
See:
* Sec. 2, chap. 2, ECA : Prohibition of discrimination.
* Sec. 2, chap. 7, ECA: Termination grounds related to the employee's person provides a list of invalid grounds.
* Sec. 9, chap. 7, ECA : Termination in the case of an employee who is pregnant or on family leave.
* Workers' representatives:
Sec. 10, chap. 7, ECA: Dismissal of a "shop steward or elected representatives" based on individual grounds requires the consent of the majority of the employees whom he represents.
Economic dismissal of those representatives are authorized provided the job they occupy ceases completely and the employer has been unable to find another suitable job or to train the person for some other work.
* Pregnant women and employees on family leave: sec. 9, chap. 7, ECA deems the dismissal to be based on employee's pregnancy or family leave and places the onus on the employer to prove that the dismissal is based on another reason.
In addition, sec. 9, chap. 7 ECA states that the employer can terminate the employment relationship with employee on maternity, special maternity, parental or child care on economic grounds only in case of complete cessation of activities.
Forma de la notificación del despido al trabajador: sin forma particular exigida
Sec. 4, chap. 9, ECA: A notice on termination of an employment contract shall be delivered to the employer or its representative, or to the employee, in person. If this is not possible, the notice may be delivered by letter or electronically.
However, if so requested by the employee, the employer must notify the employee without delay in writing of the date of termination of the employment contract and of the grounds for termination or cancellation known by the employer to have caused the termination (sec. 5, chap.9 ECA).
Plazo de preaviso:
According to sec. 3, chap. 6, ECA, the length of the notice period varies between 14 days and 6 months, according to the length of service of the employee, as follows:
* 14 days if the employee has up to 1 year of service;
* 1 months if the employee has more than 1 and no more than 4 years of service;
* 2 months if the employee has more than 4 and no more than 8 years of service;
* 4 months if the employee has between more than 8 years and no more than 12 years of service.
duración de servicio ≥ 6 meses:
duración de servicio ≥ 9 meses:
duración de servicio ≥ 2 años:
duración de servicio ≥ 4 años:
duración de servicio ≥ 5 años:
duración de servicio ≥ 10 años:
duración de servicio ≥ 20 años:
Indemnización sustitutiva de preaviso: Si
Sec. 4, chap. 6, ECA.
Notificación a la administración: No
However, in case of a dismissal of a worker on economic grounds and if that worker has an employment history of at least 3 years with the same employer or with a different employer, the employer is obliged to notify the employment office. This obligation also applies when the worker has been in fixed-term employment for at least 3 consecutive years or at least 36 months during the preceding 42 months (Sec. 3a, chap. 9, ECA).
See also sec. 48 of the ACU, applicable only to undertakings employing at least 20 workers: When the employer proposes measures that may lead to termination (on economic grounds), he or she should also inform the employment office.
Notificación a los representantes de los trabajadores: No
However, according to the Act on Co-operation within Undertakings (2007), notification to worker's representatives and negotiation are compulsory when the dismissal affects a single worker provided such dismissal is based on financial and productive grounds, and the undertakings employs at least 20 workers. (see sec. 44-53 ACU)
Aprobación de la administración publica o de organismos judiciales: No
Acuerdo de los representantes de los trabajadores: No
Definición de despido colectivo (número de empleados afectados):
The ACU provides for a specific cooperation procedure applicable to dismissals on financial or productive grounds of one or several employees.
However, procedural requirements regarding information provided by the employer to the worker's representatives only apply to dismissal of over 10 workers over a period of 90 days.
Sec. 44 ACU: scope of application of the cooperation procedures.
On the information requirements: see art. 47 ACU.
Definición de despido colectivo (número de empleados afectados):
The ACU provides for a specific cooperation procedure applicable to dismissals on financial or productive grounds of one or several employees.
However, procedural requirements regarding information provided by the employer to the worker's representatives only apply to dismissal of over 10 workers over a period of 90 days.
Sec. 44 ACU: scope of application of the cooperation procedures.
On the information requirements: see art. 47 ACU.
Consultación previa con los sindicatos (representantes de los trabajadores): Si
Sec. 45-51 ACU.
Note that section 47 differentiates information requirements based on the number of employees concerned by the dismissal (under or above 10 employees).
When the dismissal concerns less than 10 employees over a period of 90 days, information shall be directly given to the employees or their representatives if the employees so request.
Notificación a la administración: Si
Sec. 48 ACU: applicable to the economic dismissal of one or more employees.
Notificación a los representantes de los trabajadores: Si
Sec. 45-51 ACU on negotiation.
Sec. 53 ACU on communication of the employer's report regarding the decisions adopted on the basis of the negotiation.
Aprobación de la administración publica o de organismos judiciales: No
Acuerdo de los representantes de los trabajadores: No
Reglas de prioridad para los despidos colectivos (consideraciones sociales, edad, años de servicio): No
Obligación del empleador de considerar solucionés alternativas al despido (transferencia, formación...): Si
Sec. 49-50 ACU.
Reglas de prioridad para la re-contratación: Si
Sec. 6, chap. 6, ECA: preferential rehiring within 9 months of the dismissal.
Indemnización por despido:
No statutory severance pay.
Employers employing at least 30 workers must provide free vocational coaching or training courses to workers, which they have terminated based on economic reasons and which have worked for them for at least 5 years, sec. 13, chap. 7 ECA. This entitlement can be waived by collective agreement, sec 7(11), chap. 13 ECA.
duración de servicio ≥ 6 meses: 0 mes(es)
duración de servicio ≥ 9 meses: 0 mes(es)
duración de servicio ≥ 1 año: 0 mes(es)
duración de servicio ≥ 4 años: 0 mes(es)
duración de servicio ≥ 5 años: 0 mes(es)
duración de servicio ≥ 10 años: 0 mes(es)
duración de servicio ≥ 20 años: 0 mes(es)
Indemnización por despido por razones económicas:
duración de servicio ≥ 6 meses: 0 mes(es)
duración de servicio ≥ 9 meses: 0 mes(es)
duración de servicio ≥ 1 año: 0 mes(es)
duración de servicio ≥ 2 años: 0 mes(es)
duración de servicio ≥ 4 años: 0 mes(es)
duración de servicio ≥ 5 años: 0 mes(es)
duración de servicio ≥ 10 años: 0 mes(es)
duración de servicio ≥ 20 años: 0 mes(es)
No statutory severance pay or redundancy payment.
Compensación por despido injustificado - libre determinación de la Corte: No
See: sec. 2, chap. 12 ECA.
Compensación por despido injustificado - límites legales (techo calculado en meses o método de calculo):
* Groundless termination of employment: min. 3 months' pay and max. 24 months' pay.
* Failure to observe the procedural requirements applicable to economic dismissal: max. 30 000 EUR.
* Compensation for groundless termination of employment: sec. 2, chap. 12 ECA.
The minimum amount of 3 months is not applicable to dismissals based on financial and production-related grounds or a reorganization procedure.
For shop stewards and elected representatives, the maximum amount is 30 months' pay.
* Failure to observe the procedural requirements applicable to economic dismissal: sec. 62 ACU.
Posibilidad de readmisión: No
Conciliación previa obligatoria: No
No statutory provision found.
Corte o Tribunal competente: jurisdicción ordinaria
In Finland, individual labour disputes over rights are heard by ordinary courts as apposed to disputes connected with collective agreements which are dealt with by labour courts. (See Act on the Labour Court 646/19974)
Arbitraje: No
No statutory provision found.