Labour Code of 1 February 1999, as amended in 2017
Date:29 Mar 2023;
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Size of enterprises excluded (≤): none
Art. 4 LC
Workers' categories excluded: army, judiciary
Art. 6 LC
Other categories of workers excluded by the law: elected officials, foreign service workers, contractors and civil law contractors.
FTC regulated: Yes
Valid reasons for FTC use: objective and material reasons
Art. 45 and 47 LC
Maximum cumulative duration of successive FTCs: 5year(s)
Art. 45 LC
Maximum probationary (trial) period (in months): 3 month(s)
Art. 51 LC
Obligation to provide reasons to the employee:
Yes
Art. 71 (3) and Art. 76 LC
Art. 70 LC
In 2011, an amendment added employees working in a state-financed enterprises that reach working age limit to the list of Art. 70.
(source: 17 May 2011 #127-IVQD)
Art 79(1) LC: Pregnant women, single parent, people raising children under the age of 3, workers who temporarily lost an ability to work, workers with diabetes or scattered sclerosis, members of a trade union or political party, workers with limited health capabilities under the age of 18 or with a severe disability, during negotiations of collective bargaining.
Prohibited ground for a dismissal on the basis of race, sex, religion, together with other grounds are listed in Art. 16(1) LC on “Non-discrimination in labour relations”.ns”.
Art. 80 LC provides that the employer has to ask the authorization of the trade union to dismiss any member of the trade union.
Art. 255 prohibits the dismissal of workers under 18 for the lack of professional competency.
Art. 77 LC provides protections for workers performing military/alternative service.
Notification to the worker to be dismissed: written
Article 75 LC provides that the employer has to comply with the employment contract in writing. No explicit provision in the LC stating that the notification has to come in writing.
Notice period:
Art. 77 (1) LC
Amendments were made on this in 2017.
tenure ≥ 6 months:
tenure ≥ 9 months:
tenure ≥ 2 years:
tenure ≥ 4 years:
tenure ≥ 5 years:
tenure ≥ 10 years:
tenure ≥ 20 years:
Pay in lieu of notice: Yes
Art. 77 (4) LC
Notification to the public administration: No
Notification to workers' representatives: No
Approval by public administration or judicial bodies: No
Approval by workers' representatives: No
However, according to art. 80 LC, the employer has to obtain the authorization of the trade union to dismiss a member of that trade union.
Definition of collective dismissal (number of employees concerned): No statutory definition
Prior consultations with trade unions (workers' representatives): No
Notification to the public administration: Yes
Art.17(2) of the Law on Employment: the employer has to inform, 2 months in advance, the public service of employment about any contemplated redundancies.
Notification to workers' representatives: Yes
Law on Trade Unions of 1994:
Art. 11. Right of trade unions to defend labour rights.
...Where the closure of an enterprise or its subdivisions at the initiative of the management may lead to a complete or partial cessation of production, workforce reductions or a deterioration of working conditions, such measures, with the exception of cases provided for by the law, shall not be carried out without prior notice of not less than three months to the trade unions concerned, and consultations with them concerning the safeguarding of workers' rights and interests.
Approval by public administration or judicial bodies: No
Approval by workers' representatives: No
However, according to Art. 80 LC, the employer has to obtain the authorization of the trade union to dismiss a member of that trade union.
Priority rules for collective dismissals (social considerations, age, job tenure): Yes
Art. 78 LC - the employer defines the list of workers to be dismissed for economic reasons.
Employer's obligation to consider alternatives to dismissal (transfers, retraining...): No
Priority rules for re-employment: No
Severance pay:
Amendments were made on this issue in 2017, as follows:
Art. 70 LC lays out grounds for the employer to terminate a labour contract:
a. Liquidation of the enterprise;
b. Staff cuts;
c. Employee’s incompetence (dismissal performed upon the approval of the attestation commission);
d. Employee’s gross violation of labor duties, neglect for labor functions or obligations stated in the employment contract. ;
e. Employee’s failure to justify work potential during the trial period;
f. Employee in a state-financed enterprise reaching the working age limit
Art. 77(3) LC dictates that workers dismissed for the reasons of an enterprise liquidation (Art. 70 a) or staff cuts (Art. 70 b) should be reimbursed:
1 year of experience – an average monthly wage
1- 5 years of experience - at least 1.4 of the average monthly wage
5-10 years of experience – at least 1.7 of the average monthly wage
More than 10 years of experience – at least 2 of the average monthly wage
According to Art. 77 (7) LC, the dismissal on the grounds of changing labour conditions (Art. 68 c), call for a military or alternative service (Art. 74 a) and employee’s inability to perform labour functions due to incapability to work continuously for more than six months, the employer pays at least two months of the average monthly wage.
Upon employers initiative (in accordance with the 12th Chapter of the LC dictating the procedure on the termination of labour contracts), the employee is not entitled to a severance payment if dismissed under Article 70 (c,d,e,f). The workers, however, have a right to appeal the decision to the Court.
tenure ≥ 6 months: 0 month(s)
tenure ≥ 9 months: 0 month(s)
tenure ≥ 1 year: 0 month(s)
tenure ≥ 4 years: 0 month(s)
tenure ≥ 5 years: 0 month(s)
tenure ≥ 10 years: 0 month(s)
Redundancy payment:
Art. 77(3) dictates that workers dismissed for the reasons of an enterprise liquidation (Art. 70 a) or staff cut (Art 70 b) should be reimbursed:
1 year of experience – an average monthly wage
1- 5 years of experience - at least 1.4 of the average monthly wage
5-10 years of experience – at least 1.7 of the average monthly wage
More than 10 years of experience – at least 2 of the average monthly wage
According to Art. 77 (7) LC, the dismissal on the grounds of changing labour conditions (Art. 68 c), call for a military or alternative service (Art. 74 a) and employee’s inability to perform labour functions due to incapability to work continuously for more than six months, the employer pays at least two months of the average monthly wage.
Upon employers initiative (in accordance with the 12th Chapter of the LC dictating the procedure on the termination of labour contracts), the employee is not entitled to a severance payment if dismissed under Article 70 (c,d,e,f). The workers, however, have a right to appeal the decision to the Court.
tenure ≥ 6 months: 0 month(s)
tenure ≥ 9 months: 0 month(s)
tenure ≥ 1 year: 1 month(s)
tenure ≥ 2 years: 1.4 month(s)
tenure ≥ 4 years: 1.4 month(s)
tenure ≥ 5 years: 1.4 month(s)
tenure ≥ 10 years: 2 month(s)
tenure ≥ 20 years: 2 month(s)
Compensation for unfair dismissal - free determination by court: Yes
Art. 290 and 300 LC
Compensation for unfair dismissal - Legal limits (ceiling in months or calculation method):
Art. 299 LC - No legal limits for any claim for an individual labour dispute.
Reinstatement available: Yes
Preliminary mandatory conciliation: No
Art. 294 LC
Competent court(s) / tribunal(s): ordinary courts
Art. 296 LC
Existing arbitration: Yes
Art. 265 LC
% of dismissals out of the total number of disputes: 80